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Also Read: Comprehensive Guide to Khata Transfer and Khata Registration in India

What is a B-Khata Property?

Understanding the Concept of B-Khata

In Bengaluru, the term "Khata" refers to a legal document that identifies a property within the BBMP limits and records property tax details. Properties in Bengaluru are classified into two categories:

1. A-Khata: Properties that fully comply with the legal and planning norms set by the BBMP.

2. B-Khata: Properties that do not fully comply with these norms but are still recorded for property tax purposes.

A B-Khata is essentially an account that allows property owners to pay taxes but does not confer full legal status. These properties often include:

1. Buildings constructed without approved plans.

2. Properties in unauthorised layouts.

3. Constructions lacking occupancy certificates.

Also Read: BDA, BMRDA and BBMP Properties in Bangalore: A complete Guide

Drawbacks of Owning a B-Khata Property

While B-Khata properties have been a way for BBMP to collect property taxes from unauthorised developments, owning such a property comes with several disadvantages:

1. Legal Ambiguity: The property is not considered fully legal.

2. No Building Approvals: Owners cannot get approval for new construction or modifications.

3. No Trade Licenses: Businesses cannot operate legally from these properties.

4. No Bank Loans: Financial institutions usually deny loans against B-Khata properties.

5. Lower Market Value: These properties typically fetch lower prices compared to A-Khata ones.

Also Read: Bbmp Property Tax Rates And Payment Process

Why Did the Karnataka Government Approve Regularisation?

Tackling Unauthorised Development

The Karnataka government recognised the growing issue of unauthorised construction and unplanned development in Bengaluru. A press note from the state government highlighted:

"Lakhs of B-Khatas have been issued due to rampant unauthorised development, and there is a need to bring these under the control and regulation of the Karnataka Town and Country Planning Act."

Bringing Legal Clarity and Order

Law Minister HK Patil explained after the Cabinet meeting on July 18:

"We will specify parameters for regularisation. If property owners comply, B-Khata will be issued, and eventually upgraded."

The move aims to:

1. Provide legal clarity.

2. Control unplanned urban sprawl.

3. Boost revenue collection by incentivising regularisation.

Deadline for Regularisation

Importantly, the Greater Bengaluru Governance Act prohibits the issuance of B-Khata for properties created or constructed after September 30, 2024. This means only properties issued up to this date are eligible for regularisation.

How Will the Regularisation Benefit Homeowners?

Legal Status for Properties

Once regularised, B-Khata property owners will be issued certificates granting legal ownership. This is a game-changer as it:

1. Provides official recognition of the property.

2. Enables smooth property-related transactions.

Access to Financial Services

Regularisation allows property owners to:

1. Apply for bank loans and mortgages.

2. Use the property as collateral.

3. Enjoy standard interest rates, avoiding penalties for "risky" assets.

Increased Property Values

With the upgraded A-Khata status, property values are expected to rise, especially in prime locations or developing areas. This is because:

1. Buyers prefer properties with clear titles.

2. Developers and investors are more confident in legally compliant areas.

Improved Civic Amenities

Regularised properties will also have better access to:

1. Water connections.

2. Sewage facilities.

3. Electricity supply.

4. Waste management services.

Emotional Relief for Owners

For many residents, this regularisation ends years of uncertainty. Advocate Akash Bantia noted:

"This move provides long-overdue relief to thousands of homeowners who were unable to sell, renovate, or even get loans due to unclear titles."

What Parameters Will Apply for Regularisation?

While the government has not yet published the final guidelines, it is expected that:

1. Owners must comply with specific building codes and safety standards.

2. Applicable penalties or fees will have to be paid.

3. Properties must not violate environmental or zoning laws.

4. Encroachments on public land will not be eligible.

The BBMP is likely to release a notification soon with detailed instructions for property owners.

Also Read: Property Tax in Bangalore Step by Step Guide Legalkart

What Happens If You Don’t Regularise Your B-Khata Property?

Failing to regularise your B-Khata property could result in:

1. Continued legal ambiguity.

2. Inability to access loans or civic amenities.

3. Future restrictions on property transactions.

4. Possible demolition or penalties for non-compliance.

It is crucial for B-Khata property owners to act quickly once the regularisation process begins.

Impact on Bengaluru's Real Estate Market

Boost for Buyers and Sellers

With legal clarity, previously avoided B-Khata properties may see renewed demand. This could:

1. Attract more buyers.

2. Encourage developers to invest in these areas.

3. Lead to better infrastructure and community development.

More Competitive Market

As legal hurdles are removed, these properties could become more competitive in the real estate market, improving resale potential.

How to Apply for Regularisation (Expected Process)

While the BBMP has not released the official application process yet, it will likely involve:

1. Checking Eligibility

   • Ensure your property’s B-Khata was issued before September 30, 2024.

2. Application Submission

   • Fill out an application form (likely to be available online and offline).

3. Document Verification

   • Submit ownership proofs, tax receipts, and building plans.

4. Payment of Penalties/Fees

   • Pay any applicable charges as per government notification.

5. Inspection and Approval

   • BBMP officials may inspect the property before approval.

6. Issuance of Certificate

   • Once approved, you will receive a regularisation certificate and an updated A-Khata.

Expert Opinions on the Regularisation Move

Advocates and Real Estate Experts

1. Legal Clarity: "This ends years of confusion for homeowners and boosts confidence in the property market," says Advocate Bantia.

2. Economic Impact: "Expect property prices in regularised areas to increase by 10-20% over the next few years," notes a Bengaluru-based realtor.

3. Urban Planning: Urban planners warn that regularisation must be balanced with stricter enforcement of future building norms to prevent further unplanned growth.

Conclusion: A New Era for Bengaluru Homeowners

The Karnataka Cabinet’s decision to regularise B-Khata properties is a long-awaited relief for thousands of Bengaluru property owners. It offers legal clarity, boosts property values, and opens doors to financial and civic benefits previously out of reach.

For B-Khata property owners, the time to act is now. Stay updated with BBMP notifications and prepare your documents in advance to ensure a smooth transition to A-Khata status.

This regularisation move is not just a legal reform but a step towards more structured urban development in Bengaluru.

Key Takeaways

1. B-Khata properties up to September 2024 are eligible for regularisation.

2. Regularised properties will get A-Khata status.

3. Benefits include access to loans, higher property value, and legal clarity.

4. The BBMP will soon announce detailed guidelines.

Stay informed, prepare early, and secure your property’s future in Bengaluru’s fast-growing real estate market.

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Why You Need an NOC for Interstate Vehicle Transfer

When a vehicle moves from one state to another, it needs to comply with the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988. Section 47 of the Act requires vehicles staying in another state for more than 12 months to be re-registered in the new state.

But to re-register, your current RTO must certify that:

1. There are no pending traffic fines or taxes.

2. The vehicle is not under any police investigation or loan hypothecation.

3. It is fit for transfer.

This certification is called the No Objection Certificate (NOC).

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Why is NOC essential?

• Legal Requirement: Without NOC, the new state RTO cannot issue a fresh registration number.

• Road Tax Refund: If you paid a one-time road tax in the old state, you can claim a refund after getting NOC.

• Avoid Penalties: Vehicles without NOC may be seized or fined during interstate movement.

Fact: According to the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH), over 1.2 million vehicles are transferred between states annually in India, and failure to get NOC is a common cause for RTO disputes.

Also Read: RC Transfers: Essential Insights You Might Be Missing

What Is an NOC?

A No Objection Certificate is a legal document issued by your vehicle’s current RTO, allowing you to register your vehicle in another state.

It confirms:

1. There are no criminal or financial liabilities attached to your vehicle.

2. The owner has cleared all dues and taxes.

Validity: The NOC is valid for 6 months from the date of issue. You must complete the transfer process within this period, or else apply for a fresh NOC.

Rule Source: Parivahan.gov.in

Also Read: How To Check Delhi E-Challan Status & Make Payment Online

Documents Required for NOC Application

Here’s what you’ll need as per official RTO guidelines:

Essential Documents

1. Form 28 (Application for NOC)

   • This is the official application form for NOC. You need to submit three copies of Form 28.

2. Owner’s ID Proof

   • Aadhaar Card, Passport, Voter ID, or Driving Licence as proof of identity and address.

3. Original RC (Registration Certificate)

   • Your vehicle’s RC Book/Card is mandatory for ownership verification.

4. Valid Insurance Certificate

   • A copy of your motor insurance policy to show that your vehicle is insured.

5. Pollution Under Control (PUC) Certificate

   • Proof that your vehicle meets environmental emission standards.

6. Chassis & Engine Pencil Print

   • RTO requires an impression of your vehicle’s chassis and engine numbers for verification.

7. Road Tax Payment Receipt

   • Proof that you’ve paid the road tax in the current state.

8. Bank NOC (if vehicle under loan)

   • If your vehicle was financed, you must get a clearance certificate from the bank or financier.

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Additional Documents (if applicable)

• For Commercial Vehicles:

  1. Permit surrender slip

  2. Fitness Certificate

  3. Proof of no pending challans

• For Vehicles with Hypothecation:

  • Form 35 (Hypothecation termination certificate)

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Why Keep These Ready?

If even one document is missing, your application for NOC might get delayed or rejected. This is especially critical in Delhi NCR, where vehicles older than 10 or 15 years face fuel bans and time is of the essence.

Note: Many people forget to collect the Bank NOC, which causes unnecessary delays in the process. Always check with your bank first if your car was financed.

How to Apply for NOC: Online & Offline

Applying for a No Objection Certificate (NOC) is the first step to legally transfer your vehicle to another state. Depending on your convenience and the facilities available at your RTO, you can choose either the offline process or the online process.

1. Offline Process (Traditional Method at RTO)

If your RTO doesn’t support online NOC applications or you prefer handling the process in person:

Step-by-Step Process:

1. Visit Your Current RTO: Go to the Regional Transport Office where your vehicle is registered.

2. Collect & Fill Form 28: This is the official application form for NOC. You’ll need to fill it in triplicate.

3. Submit Required Documents:

   1. Original RC (Registration Certificate)

   2. Valid insurance certificate

   3. Pollution Under Control (PUC) certificate

   4. Road tax payment proof

   5. Owner’s ID & address proof

   6. Pencil print of chassis & engine numbers

   7. Bank NOC (if vehicle was under loan)

4. Pay the Applicable Fee: The NOC fee varies between ₹100 to ₹500, depending on the vehicle and state.

5. Police Clearance: For theft clearance, the RTO may seek a verification report from the local police station.

6. Receive NOC: After verification, your RTO will issue the NOC within 7 to 30 working days.

Pro Tip: Keep photocopies of all submitted documents for your own records.

2. Online Process (Parivahan Portal)

If your RTO supports online services, you can apply for NOC conveniently from home using the Ministry of Road Transport’s Parivahan portal.

Step-by-Step Process:

1. Visit vahan.parivahan.gov.in.

2. Go to the “Services” tab and select “Application for No Objection Certificate”.

3. Enter your vehicle registration details and verify them using the chassis number.

4. Upload scanned copies of required documents.

5. Pay the NOC fee online through the portal.

6. Print the Acknowledgment Receipt generated after submission.

7. Submit the hard copies of the acknowledgment and original documents to your RTO for verification.

8. Once approved, collect the NOC from your RTO.

Note: While the online application reduces queue time, you may still need to visit the RTO for document submission and final NOC collection.

Also Read: Traffic Challan Disposal Guide Legal Advice

Offline vs Online: Which Is Better?

Also Read: E-Challan Gurgaon: How to Check Gurugram Traffic e-Challan Status Online

After You Have the NOC: Next Steps

Once you’ve secured your No Objection Certificate (NOC) from your current RTO, you’re halfway through the process of transferring your vehicle to another state. The next steps involve transporting your vehicle, completing re-registration, and ensuring it’s legally road-ready in the new state.

1. Transport the Vehicle

You have two options:

1. Drive It Yourself: Make sure your NOC and original documents (RC, insurance, PUC) are in the vehicle in case you’re stopped at a checkpoint.

2. Use a Vehicle Transport Service: Ideal for long distances or if your vehicle is older and subject to restrictions like Delhi’s 10-year/15-year ban.

Tip: If your vehicle falls under the ban and cannot be fueled in Delhi, arrange a car carrier service to move it safely to the destination state.

2. Re-Register Your Vehicle in the New State

Once your vehicle reaches the new state, visit the local RTO and apply for re-registration.

Documents Required:

1. Original NOC & Form 28

2. Original RC (Registration Certificate)

3. Valid insurance & PUC certificate

4. Chassis & engine pencil print

5. Proof of address in the new state (Aadhaar, utility bill, etc.)

6. Forms 29 & 30 (for ownership transfer and registration request)

The new RTO will assign a new registration number for your vehicle and issue a fresh RC book/card.

3. Pay Road Tax in the New State

Every state charges its own road tax, usually calculated based on:

1. Vehicle type (two-wheeler, car, commercial)

2. Age of the vehicle

3. Invoice value of the vehicle

This tax is mandatory for getting your vehicle registered in the new state.

Good News: After paying the new state road tax, you can apply for a road tax refund from your previous state.

4. Get a High Security Registration Plate (HSRP)

In most states, vehicles are now required to use HSRP plates for added security. You’ll receive these along with your new registration number.

Important Note for Delhi Vehicles:

If your diesel/petrol vehicle is older than the 10-year/15-year limit, apply for NOC before it’s flagged at Delhi fuel stations. Once re-registered in another state, the Delhi ban no longer applies, and you can use your vehicle legally there.

Understanding the 10-Year & 15-Year Vehicle Ban in Delhi NCR

What the Ban Means

1. Diesel vehicles older than 10 years and petrol vehicles older than 15 years are banned in Delhi NCR.

2. The rule is based on NGT (National Green Tribunal) and Supreme Court directives to curb air pollution.

2025 Update:

From July 1, 2025, Delhi banned fueling such vehicles at petrol pumps to enforce compliance.

Penalties:

1. ₹10,000 fine for cars.

2. ₹5,000 for two-wheelers.

3. Vehicle may be seized and sent for scrapping.

Data Source: Delhi Transport Department Circular

Also Read: Spotting E-Challan Scams: How to Identify and Avoid Fake Traffic Fines

How the Ban Affects Vehicle Transfers

Delhi’s 10-year diesel and 15-year petrol vehicle ban is creating confusion among vehicle owners, especially those planning to move their vehicles to another state. Here’s what you need to know:

1. The Ban Is Location-Specific

The ban applies only within Delhi NCR. Vehicles that cross this age limit cannot refuel at Delhi petrol pumps, and violators face fines of:

1. ₹10,000 for diesel cars over 10 years.

2. ₹5,000 for petrol vehicles over 15 years.

3. Risk of vehicle impoundment.

However, once you obtain an NOC and re-register your vehicle in another state, these Delhi restrictions no longer apply.

2. You Can Transfer and Use Your Vehicle in Other States

Neighboring states like Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan do not have the same strict bans for old vehicles. Once you re-register your car or bike there:

1. You can continue to drive it legally.

2. There are no fueling restrictions.

This was confirmed in the videos, which emphasized that the Delhi ban does not automatically extend to other states.

3. Act Before Your Vehicle Is Flagged

Delhi has deployed ANPR cameras at fuel stations to enforce the ban. If your vehicle is flagged in their system:

1. Refueling will be blocked.

2. You won’t be able to drive it out of Delhi without arranging special towing.

Tip: Apply for your NOC before July 2025 to ensure smooth interstate transfer without getting stuck in this system.

4. CNG Vehicles Are Exempt

If your vehicle runs on CNG, the current fuel ban doesn’t apply. You can continue using it in Delhi and transfer it to another state without any restrictions.

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Commonly Asked Questions

Also Read: How to Apply for a Driving Licence Online In India, 2024 (Updated)

Final Thoughts

Transferring your vehicle to another state may sound complicated, but with the right planning, it can be a smooth and stress-free process.

Applying for a No Objection Certificate (NOC) is the first and most critical step. It ensures your vehicle is legally cleared of any dues, challans, or restrictions from your current state. Once you have the NOC, completing the re-registration in the new state allows you to drive confidently without worrying about penalties or legal hurdles.

If you’re in Delhi NCR, the urgency is even higher. The 10-year diesel and 15-year petrol vehicle ban means you should secure your NOC before your vehicle gets flagged at fuel stations. Once the NOC and re-registration are done, you can continue using your vehicle in neighboring states like Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, or Rajasthan, where such bans currently don’t apply.

At LegalKart, we simplify this entire journey for you—from helping you apply for the NOC, clearing road tax dues, settle your pending challans, to guiding you on re-registration in your destination state.

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What Is the New Rental Rule from July 1?

The rule mandates that all new rental agreements must be digitally stamped via authorized platforms starting July 1, 2025. If you fail to comply, a fine of ₹5,000 will be levied on the landlord or property owner. This is part of a broader initiative under Digital India and aims to modernize how property agreements are created and validated.

Earlier, many rental contracts were handwritten or printed on paper with physical stamp papers attached. However, such documents are often:

1. Easily lost or damaged

2. Vulnerable to tampering

3. Not registered or legally enforceable

With digital stamping, all documents are:

1. Created online

2. Legally valid

3. Authenticated using secure government-approved platforms

4. Stored digitally with traceable records

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Why Is Digital Stamping Being Made Mandatory?

1. To Prevent Rental Fraud

Physical stamp papers can be forged or reused. There have been numerous cases of:

1. Duplicate agreements

2. Backdated stamps

3. Fake landlord or tenant identities

Digital stamping ties each rental agreement to a unique identity (via Aadhaar/PAN) and transaction ID, eliminating the scope for forgery.

2. Legal Enforceability

Digital agreements with e-stamps are considered legally binding documents under the Indian Evidence Act, 1872. They are admissible in court without further validation.

3. Boost to Transparency

All digitally stamped documents are traceable and cannot be altered. This enhances trust between landlords and tenants and provides clarity on rent terms, duration, and renewal clauses.

4. Convenience for All Parties

The process is fully online—no more long queues at the stamp office or Sub-Registrar’s office. Users can generate, review, sign, and store the document from their mobile or desktop.

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What Is a Digital Stamp?

A digital stamp is an electronic version of a traditional stamp paper used for legal agreements. It is issued via licensed government portals and carries:

1. A unique stamp number

2. Time and date of issuance

3. Purpose of stamping (e.g., Rental Agreement)

4. State of issue and denomination value

5. Verification QR code or digital watermark

In the context of rental agreements, this replaces the need for buying physical stamp paper from a vendor.

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Key Benefits of Digital Stamping for Rental Agreements

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Who Is Affected by the New Rule?

Landlords

1. Must switch from paper-based rental agreements to digitally stamped ones.

2. Must use authorized online platforms for agreement generation.

3. Can be fined ₹5,000 if they fail to comply.

Tenants

1. Benefit from increased legal safety.

2. Should insist on digital agreements for clarity and protection.

3. May face issues if the agreement is not properly stamped.

Property Brokers/Agents

1. Must educate landlords and tenants about the digital stamping process.

2. Should assist in generating proper digital agreements.

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Comparison: Old Method vs. New Digital Method

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Step-by-Step: How to Digitally Stamp a Rental Agreement

Here’s how you can comply with the July 1 rule:

Step 1: Choose an Authorized Digital Stamping Platform

Use state-approved or government-licensed platforms such as:

1. SHCIL (Stock Holding Corporation of India Ltd.)

2. State-specific portals (e.g., Maharashtra eStamping, Karnataka Kaveri Online)

3. Trusted legal tech platforms like LegalKart

Step 2: Fill in Rental Agreement Details

1. Names of landlord and tenant

2. Property address

3. Duration of lease

4. Rent amount and payment cycle

5. Security deposit details

6. Maintenance responsibilities

7. Termination clauses

Step 3: Upload KYC Documents

Required documents include:

1. Aadhaar/PAN of both parties

2. Electricity bill/property tax receipt (for address proof)

3. Photographs (passport size)

Step 4: Pay Stamp Duty Online

Stamp duty differs by state and property type. Common slabs:

1. Maharashtra: 0.25% of the total rent + deposit for 11 months

2. Delhi: Fixed ₹100 stamp duty for rental agreements up to 11 months

3. Karnataka: ~0.5% of annual rent + deposit

Once payment is made, you’ll receive a digital stamp certificate instantly.

Step 5: Add Digital Signatures

Parties can sign using:

• Aadhaar-based eSign

• DSC (Digital Signature Certificate)

• OTP-based authentication

Step 6: Download and Save Your Rental Agreement

You’ll receive:

1. A PDF of your rental agreement

2. A digital stamp certificate

3. A verification link

Save this for future reference or legal use.

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What Happens If You Don't Comply?

Starting July 1, failure to use digital stamping for your rental agreement can result in:

1. Fine of ₹5,000 per instance

2. Agreement being treated as legally defective or invalid

3. Difficulty in enforcing clauses in court

4. Risk of disputes and eviction complications

In some states, repeat offenders may face additional penalties under the Indian Stamp Act.

Common Misunderstandings and Clarifications

"Digital stamping is expensive and technical."

Clarification: Most digital platforms charge only the official stamp duty + a nominal processing fee. No hidden costs.

"I still have a valid old rental agreement—do I need to switch?"

Clarification: Existing agreements need not be changed mid-term. But upon renewal, the digital stamping rule applies.

"This is only for commercial rentals."

Clarification: The rule applies to both residential and commercial rental agreements.

"I don’t trust online portals with my personal data."

Clarification: Government-authorized portals follow strong data encryption protocols and comply with the IT Act, 2000 and Data Protection Bill 2023.

Why This Change Is a Big Deal for Real Estate

The ₹5,000 penalty isn’t just about enforcement—it’s a push towards systemic reform.

Aligns with Digital India

This move supports paperless governance, smart recordkeeping, and e-citizen services.

Attracts Institutional Investors

Clear, tamper-proof rental documentation builds confidence for REITs, investors, and foreign companies investing in Indian real estate.

Helps State Governments Earn More Revenue

Digital stamps prevent under-reporting and fake documentation, helping the government collect accurate stamp duty and registration fees.

States Already Using Digital Stamping Effectively

Many Indian states have adopted digital stamping successfully:

• Maharashtra – Fully integrated e-registration of rent agreements

• Karnataka – Kaveri portal enables online documentation and verification

• Delhi – Simple flat-fee stamping with Aadhaar integration

• Tamil Nadu – Digitally signed tenancy agreements accepted in civil courts

Now, with the July 1 mandate, a uniform digital framework is being rolled out nationally.

What Should You Do Next?

For Landlords

1. Switch to digital agreements immediately for any new rental

2. Keep documentation like Aadhaar, PAN, and utility bills handy

3. Use LegalKart or a verified platform for e-stamping and agreement drafting

For Tenants

1. Ask your landlord for a digitally stamped agreement

2. Read all clauses carefully before signing

3. Save your e-agreement copy for future proof

For Legal Support

If you’re confused or need expert help, contact verified legal consultants through platforms like LegalKart. They offer:

1. End-to-end rental agreement drafting

2. State-specific stamp duty calculations

3. Legally valid formats with eSign integration

Future of Rental Laws in India: What’s Next?

The digital stamping mandate is likely just the first step. Expect future reforms such as:

1. Mandatory e-registration of rental agreements

2. Online rent control compliance

3. AI-based rent dispute resolution

4. Standardized rental formats across states

These steps would not only reduce manual errors but also make India’s rental ecosystem globally competitive.

Conclusion: Go Digital or Pay the Price

The July 1 rule marks a clear shift toward digitization and legal accountability in rental transactions. By mandating digital stamping and imposing a ₹5,000 fine for non-compliance, the government has made its intentions clear—make rental agreements secure, transparent, and accessible to all.

Whether you are a landlord or tenant, this is not a change to delay. Embrace the digital future today and avoid last-minute hassles. Legal compliance is not just a formality—it’s your protection against future disputes.

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What Are Deepfakes and Why Are They Dangerous?

Before diving into the legal details of the case, let’s understand what deepfakes are.

What Are Deepfakes?

Deepfakes use AI and machine learning algorithms—particularly a method called GANs (Generative Adversarial Networks)—to create highly realistic fake audio, video, or images. These creations can convincingly mimic public figures, celebrities, or even ordinary individuals.

Dangers of Deepfakes

• Misinformation: They can spread fake news quickly and convincingly.

• Reputation Damage: Public figures can be shown saying or doing things they never did.

• Political Manipulation: Deepfakes can sway elections or incite violence.

• Legal Complications: Determining the truth becomes harder in courts of law.

In this context, the Delhi High Court’s ruling becomes extremely important to safeguard public trust and individual reputations.

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Case Background: How Aaj Tak Anchor Anjana Om Kashyap Was Targeted

The case was filed by TV Today Network, the parent company of Aaj Tak, against a rogue YouTube channel that used deepfake technology to impersonate Anjana Om Kashyap. The videos falsely portrayed her as spreading misinformation and making controversial remarks, all without her consent.

The Allegations

1. Impersonation of Kashyap using AI-based deepfakes.

2. Misuse of TV Today’s intellectual property and logos.

3. Creation of misleading content that could harm Aaj Tak's reputation.

4. Monetisation of the videos through YouTube ad revenue.

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Delhi High Court’s Intervention: A Strong Message Against Deepfake Abuse

Justice Prathiba M. Singh presided over the matter and issued a strong interim order in favour of TV Today Network.

Key Observations by the Court:

1. The fake YouTube channel had manipulated the anchor’s name (removing the “P” from "Kashyap") to deceive viewers.

2. The Court noted that this was a clear misuse of identity, reputation, and brand value.

3. Justice Singh emphasised the illegality of using deepfakes to impersonate a media personality, especially for profit or misinformation.

Court’s Orders:

1. Immediate Takedown of the YouTube channel within 48 hours.

2. Google directed to disclose Basic Subscriber Information (BSI) of the account holder within two weeks.

3. If similar fake content is found in the future, TV Today can share URLs for takedown without new petitions.

4. Disclosure of revenue earned from the channel to assess damages and monetization abuse.

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Legal Framework Involved

Let’s break down the legal principles and sections relevant in this case.

1. Right to Personality & Reputation

The Indian Constitution protects the Right to Life under Article 21, which includes the Right to Reputation. Misusing someone’s face, voice, or name via deepfake violates this right.

2. Copyright Infringement

TV Today’s logos, trademarks, and broadcast material fall under intellectual property. Using them without authorization breaches copyright laws.

3. Information Technology Act, 2000

Under the IT Act, creating or distributing deepfakes that cause harm can be prosecuted under:

• Section 66D – Impersonation using computer resources.

• Section 67 – Publishing or transmitting obscene material.

• Section 69A – Power of the government and courts to block public access to unlawful information.

4. Defamation Laws

Deepfakes that harm an individual’s reputation could lead to civil and criminal defamation charges under Section 499 and 500 of IPC.

Key Takeaways From the Case

1. Courts Recognize the Deepfake Threat

This ruling affirms that AI misuse is a judicial concern, and courts are willing to take swift action to prevent it.

2. Speedy Relief Is Possible

TV Today received interim relief within days. This showcases how prompt legal intervention can protect public figures and media houses.

3. Platform Accountability

Google, as the owner of YouTube, was made responsible for:

1. Taking down the content

2. Disclosing user information

3. Sharing monetization data

This sets a strong precedent for platform responsibility in the age of AI.

4. Future-Proofing Against Repetition

The Court allowed TV Today to send URLs of similar violations directly to Google, without needing a new court order each time.

Ethical Implications of Deepfake Use

1. Freedom of Speech vs. Right to Reputation

While freedom of expression is a fundamental right, it cannot override someone’s dignity or cause public harm.

2. Impact on Journalism and Media

When anchors like Anjana Om Kashyap are impersonated, it not only harms their personal image but also undermines the credibility of the media.

3. Threat to Democratic Discourse

Deepfakes can be used to polarize public opinion, create riots, or defame political candidates. This is a threat to democracy itself.

What Should Content Creators and Viewers Learn?

For Content Creators:

• Don’t Use Deepfake Without Consent: Even satirical content can lead to legal action if it impersonates a public figure without permission.

• Avoid Using Copyrighted Logos or Names: This could lead to IP infringement cases.

• Declare AI Usage Transparently: Clearly mention if any content uses AI-generated elements.

For Viewers:

• Don’t Believe Everything You See Online: With AI, not all videos are real. Always check the source.

• Report Deepfake Content: Platforms like YouTube have built-in reporting tools. Use them.

The Role of Platforms Like YouTube

This case puts significant onus on platforms like YouTube, Meta (Facebook), and X (Twitter) to act against AI-generated impersonation.

What Can Platforms Do?

• Implement AI-Detection Tools: Use watermarking or machine learning to detect deepfakes.

• Speed Up Takedown Process: Honor court orders within stipulated timeframes.

• Collaborate with Legal Authorities: Share data when required under legal requests.

Future of AI Laws in India

1. Need for Dedicated Deepfake Legislation

India currently lacks a specific deepfake law. While IT rules and IPC sections help, a targeted legislation is needed.

2. Draft Digital India Act

The government is considering the Digital India Act, expected to replace the IT Act, 2000. The Act may include:

1. Provisions on deepfake abuse

2. AI regulation frameworks

3. Platform liability

3. Global Trends in Deepfake Laws

1. EU’s AI Act mandates watermarking for AI-generated content.

2. China requires disclosure on any deepfake use.

India could follow a similar approach, ensuring transparency and accountability in AI usage.

Conclusion: A Landmark Case for AI Accountability

The Delhi High Court’s intervention in the Anjana Om Kashyap deepfake case is more than just a legal win for a media house—it is a clear message that AI misuse will not be tolerated. As technology evolves, so must our legal frameworks, societal awareness, and ethical boundaries.

Deepfakes are not just a technological novelty—they are a potential threat to democracy, reputation, and justice. Courts, platforms, creators, and viewers all share a responsibility to ensure AI is used for progress, not deceit.

The bill is currently in the public consultation stage, with feedback being invited by the Department of Land Resources, Ministry of Rural Development. Citizens and stakeholders have until June 25, 2025, to share suggestions via email at sanand.b@gov.in using the prescribed format available on the official DOLR website.

What is the Registration Bill 2025?

The Registration Bill 2025 is a proposed legislation that introduces an online-first approach to property registration. It seeks to eliminate long queues at sub-registrar offices, prevent fraud, reduce litigation, and promote a digitally accessible and citizen-centric process.

Key Objective

The primary goal of this bill is to digitally empower property owners and buyers by offering a seamless, paperless property registration mechanism. This is in line with the government’s vision of Digital India and Ease of Doing Business reforms.

Key Features of the Draft Registration Bill 2025

Complete Online Registration Process

The bill allows the entire registration cycle—from document submission to the issuance of registration certificates—to be completed online.

Key Components:

1. Electronic submission and admission of documents

2. Aadhaar-based or alternate identity verification

3. Online payment of registration fees and stamp duty

4. Digital issuance of registration certificates

This means buyers and sellers no longer need to physically visit the sub-registrar’s office unless verification is required in exceptional circumstances.

Expansion of Compulsorily Registerable Documents

The bill significantly expands the scope of documents that must be registered to promote legal transparency and accountability.

Newly Included Documents:

• Agreements to Sell

• Powers of Attorney

• Sale Certificates issued by recognized authorities

• Equitable Mortgage Deeds

• Legal Instruments based on judicial orders

These inclusions aim to prevent future disputes, aid in due diligence, and reinforce the legal validity of real estate transactions.

Aadhaar-Based and Alternative Authentication

The draft promotes Aadhaar-enabled authentication but ensures inclusivity by allowing other methods of identity verification.

Authentication Options:

1. Aadhaar authentication (voluntary and consent-based)

2. Offline Aadhaar verification

3. Passport or Voter ID for those not opting for Aadhaar

This dual approach ensures that individuals without Aadhaar are not excluded, thus complying with Supreme Court rulings on Aadhaar privacy and consent.

Biometric and Paperless Verification

The Registration Bill proposes secure digital processing of property documents using:

• Biometric thumb impressions

• Electronic signatures

• Passport-size photographs

• PAN (Permanent Account Number) submission

These steps aim to enhance the evidentiary value of documents and prevent forgery or impersonation during registration.

Hybrid Approach: Physical Appearance When Required

Though digital-first, the bill retains a hybrid model. Authorities can mandate in-person verification in certain cases, such as:

1. Suspected fraud

2. Public interest matters

3. Incomplete or suspicious online data

This safeguards the integrity of transactions while allowing digital convenience for most users.

Modernized Administrative Hierarchy

The draft bill outlines a revamped registration structure, giving states flexibility to create roles based on local requirements.

Proposed Roles:

• Inspectors General of Registration

• Additional and Assistant IGs

• Digital Registrars

• Technical Officers for database management

This professionalized structure will allow better supervision, faster redressal of grievances, and seamless data management.

Integration with Government Databases

The bill mandates inter-departmental integration, enabling real-time cross-checks with:

1. Land records (Bhoomi, Bhulekh, etc.)

2. Income tax (via PAN)

3. UIDAI (for Aadhaar authentication)

4. Municipal corporations (property tax data)

This interoperability will enhance the credibility of property transactions and prevent double registrations or encroachments.

E-Registry and Real-Time Record Maintenance

The new law emphasizes digital record-keeping, with a centralized E-Registry to store, track, and retrieve documents easily.

Features:

1. Cloud-based data storage

2. Real-time update of ownership

3. QR-coded registration certificates

4. Access to buyers, sellers, and government departments

This transparency will be especially useful in land title verification during legal proceedings or home loan applications.

Dispute Resolution & Appeals

The bill introduces a formal appeal process in case:

1. Registration is denied

2. Inaccurate data is recorded

3. Fraudulent documents are detected

Citizens can escalate their grievances to appellate officers and Registration Tribunals for quick resolution, enhancing trust in the process.

Benefits of the Registration Bill 2025

Transparency and Reduced Litigation

• By making registration mandatory for more documents, the bill reduces the chances of property fraud, encroachments, and forged deeds.

Time and Cost Efficiency

1. No queues at registrar offices.

2. Lower operational costs for the government and citizens.

3. Reduced legal and administrative delays.

Ease of Access

1. Citizens in rural and remote areas can now register property without traveling long distances.

2. Senior citizens, NRIs, and women benefit from remote access and reduced dependency on brokers.

Boost to Real Estate Sector

• Improved trust in clean title deeds attracts more buyers and foreign investment, especially in urban and tier-2 cities.

Challenges That May Arise

Digital Divide

• Limited internet access in rural India could slow down adoption.

Data Privacy Concerns

• With Aadhaar and PAN integration, data protection protocols must be robust.

Training and Transition

• State registration offices will need capacity building and staff training to ensure smooth digital rollout.

Why Replacing the 1908 Act is Necessary

The current Registration Act, 1908 is over a century old. It doesn't account for:

1. Digital technology

2. Real-time databases

3. Biometric verification

4. E-governance principles

The proposed bill makes registration future-ready, aligning India’s property registration with global digital governance standards.

Government's Call for Public Feedback

Citizens, legal professionals, and property owners can participate in shaping this law by submitting feedback by June 25, 2025.

Submission Instructions:

1. Format: MS Word or Machine-readable PDF

2. Email: sanand.b@gov.in

3. Form: Download from dolr.gov.in

Public input will be instrumental in refining the bill before it's passed in Parliament.

How This Impacts You

Comparing the Old Act and the New Bill

Conclusion: A Landmark Move Toward Digital Governance

The Registration Bill 2025 is more than just a legislative reform—it’s a technological leap toward digitized land governance. It simplifies the property registration process, ensures inclusivity, and significantly reduces fraudulent activities. By streamlining operations and integrating with national databases, the bill lays the foundation for a transparent, accountable, and citizen-friendly real estate ecosystem.

As India moves forward in the digital era, laws like these pave the way for efficient governance and public trust. It is now up to stakeholders—citizens, developers, and legal experts—to make their voices heard and contribute to finalizing this historic reform.