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What Is the New Rental Rule from July 1?

The rule mandates that all new rental agreements must be digitally stamped via authorized platforms starting July 1, 2025. If you fail to comply, a fine of ₹5,000 will be levied on the landlord or property owner. This is part of a broader initiative under Digital India and aims to modernize how property agreements are created and validated.

Earlier, many rental contracts were handwritten or printed on paper with physical stamp papers attached. However, such documents are often:

1. Easily lost or damaged

2. Vulnerable to tampering

3. Not registered or legally enforceable

With digital stamping, all documents are:

1. Created online

2. Legally valid

3. Authenticated using secure government-approved platforms

4. Stored digitally with traceable records

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Why Is Digital Stamping Being Made Mandatory?

1. To Prevent Rental Fraud

Physical stamp papers can be forged or reused. There have been numerous cases of:

1. Duplicate agreements

2. Backdated stamps

3. Fake landlord or tenant identities

Digital stamping ties each rental agreement to a unique identity (via Aadhaar/PAN) and transaction ID, eliminating the scope for forgery.

2. Legal Enforceability

Digital agreements with e-stamps are considered legally binding documents under the Indian Evidence Act, 1872. They are admissible in court without further validation.

3. Boost to Transparency

All digitally stamped documents are traceable and cannot be altered. This enhances trust between landlords and tenants and provides clarity on rent terms, duration, and renewal clauses.

4. Convenience for All Parties

The process is fully online—no more long queues at the stamp office or Sub-Registrar’s office. Users can generate, review, sign, and store the document from their mobile or desktop.

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What Is a Digital Stamp?

A digital stamp is an electronic version of a traditional stamp paper used for legal agreements. It is issued via licensed government portals and carries:

1. A unique stamp number

2. Time and date of issuance

3. Purpose of stamping (e.g., Rental Agreement)

4. State of issue and denomination value

5. Verification QR code or digital watermark

In the context of rental agreements, this replaces the need for buying physical stamp paper from a vendor.

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Key Benefits of Digital Stamping for Rental Agreements

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Who Is Affected by the New Rule?

Landlords

1. Must switch from paper-based rental agreements to digitally stamped ones.

2. Must use authorized online platforms for agreement generation.

3. Can be fined ₹5,000 if they fail to comply.

Tenants

1. Benefit from increased legal safety.

2. Should insist on digital agreements for clarity and protection.

3. May face issues if the agreement is not properly stamped.

Property Brokers/Agents

1. Must educate landlords and tenants about the digital stamping process.

2. Should assist in generating proper digital agreements.

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Comparison: Old Method vs. New Digital Method

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Step-by-Step: How to Digitally Stamp a Rental Agreement

Here’s how you can comply with the July 1 rule:

Step 1: Choose an Authorized Digital Stamping Platform

Use state-approved or government-licensed platforms such as:

1. SHCIL (Stock Holding Corporation of India Ltd.)

2. State-specific portals (e.g., Maharashtra eStamping, Karnataka Kaveri Online)

3. Trusted legal tech platforms like LegalKart

Step 2: Fill in Rental Agreement Details

1. Names of landlord and tenant

2. Property address

3. Duration of lease

4. Rent amount and payment cycle

5. Security deposit details

6. Maintenance responsibilities

7. Termination clauses

Step 3: Upload KYC Documents

Required documents include:

1. Aadhaar/PAN of both parties

2. Electricity bill/property tax receipt (for address proof)

3. Photographs (passport size)

Step 4: Pay Stamp Duty Online

Stamp duty differs by state and property type. Common slabs:

1. Maharashtra: 0.25% of the total rent + deposit for 11 months

2. Delhi: Fixed ₹100 stamp duty for rental agreements up to 11 months

3. Karnataka: ~0.5% of annual rent + deposit

Once payment is made, you’ll receive a digital stamp certificate instantly.

Step 5: Add Digital Signatures

Parties can sign using:

• Aadhaar-based eSign

• DSC (Digital Signature Certificate)

• OTP-based authentication

Step 6: Download and Save Your Rental Agreement

You’ll receive:

1. A PDF of your rental agreement

2. A digital stamp certificate

3. A verification link

Save this for future reference or legal use.

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What Happens If You Don't Comply?

Starting July 1, failure to use digital stamping for your rental agreement can result in:

1. Fine of ₹5,000 per instance

2. Agreement being treated as legally defective or invalid

3. Difficulty in enforcing clauses in court

4. Risk of disputes and eviction complications

In some states, repeat offenders may face additional penalties under the Indian Stamp Act.

Common Misunderstandings and Clarifications

"Digital stamping is expensive and technical."

Clarification: Most digital platforms charge only the official stamp duty + a nominal processing fee. No hidden costs.

"I still have a valid old rental agreement—do I need to switch?"

Clarification: Existing agreements need not be changed mid-term. But upon renewal, the digital stamping rule applies.

"This is only for commercial rentals."

Clarification: The rule applies to both residential and commercial rental agreements.

"I don’t trust online portals with my personal data."

Clarification: Government-authorized portals follow strong data encryption protocols and comply with the IT Act, 2000 and Data Protection Bill 2023.

Why This Change Is a Big Deal for Real Estate

The ₹5,000 penalty isn’t just about enforcement—it’s a push towards systemic reform.

Aligns with Digital India

This move supports paperless governance, smart recordkeeping, and e-citizen services.

Attracts Institutional Investors

Clear, tamper-proof rental documentation builds confidence for REITs, investors, and foreign companies investing in Indian real estate.

Helps State Governments Earn More Revenue

Digital stamps prevent under-reporting and fake documentation, helping the government collect accurate stamp duty and registration fees.

States Already Using Digital Stamping Effectively

Many Indian states have adopted digital stamping successfully:

• Maharashtra – Fully integrated e-registration of rent agreements

• Karnataka – Kaveri portal enables online documentation and verification

• Delhi – Simple flat-fee stamping with Aadhaar integration

• Tamil Nadu – Digitally signed tenancy agreements accepted in civil courts

Now, with the July 1 mandate, a uniform digital framework is being rolled out nationally.

What Should You Do Next?

For Landlords

1. Switch to digital agreements immediately for any new rental

2. Keep documentation like Aadhaar, PAN, and utility bills handy

3. Use LegalKart or a verified platform for e-stamping and agreement drafting

For Tenants

1. Ask your landlord for a digitally stamped agreement

2. Read all clauses carefully before signing

3. Save your e-agreement copy for future proof

For Legal Support

If you’re confused or need expert help, contact verified legal consultants through platforms like LegalKart. They offer:

1. End-to-end rental agreement drafting

2. State-specific stamp duty calculations

3. Legally valid formats with eSign integration

Future of Rental Laws in India: What’s Next?

The digital stamping mandate is likely just the first step. Expect future reforms such as:

1. Mandatory e-registration of rental agreements

2. Online rent control compliance

3. AI-based rent dispute resolution

4. Standardized rental formats across states

These steps would not only reduce manual errors but also make India’s rental ecosystem globally competitive.

Conclusion: Go Digital or Pay the Price

The July 1 rule marks a clear shift toward digitization and legal accountability in rental transactions. By mandating digital stamping and imposing a ₹5,000 fine for non-compliance, the government has made its intentions clear—make rental agreements secure, transparent, and accessible to all.

Whether you are a landlord or tenant, this is not a change to delay. Embrace the digital future today and avoid last-minute hassles. Legal compliance is not just a formality—it’s your protection against future disputes.

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What Was the Case All About?

The Disputed Land

The legal dispute revolves around 53 acres of land located in Raidurg Panmaktha village, Ranga Reddy district, Telangana. This land had previously been declared surplus under the Andhra Pradesh Land Reforms (Ceiling on Agricultural Holdings) Act, 1973 and vested with the State government in 1975.

However, despite this legal status, a cooperative society named Bhavana Cooperative Housing Society claimed rights over the land and subsequently sold portions of it to various individuals through registered sale deeds.

Who Are the Parties Involved?

1. Petitioners: Legal heirs of the original landowners (whose land had been declared surplus)

2. Respondents: M/s Viswesara Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd. and others who had purchased the land from Bhavana Society

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What Did the Supreme Court Say?

A two-judge bench comprising Justice Sudhanshu Dhulia and Justice K. Vinod Chandran delivered the verdict. The key takeaway was this:

“A registered sale deed does not confer ownership if the seller does not have a legal and valid title to the property.”

Key Observations:

1. Lawful Title is Paramount: Just because a property has a registered sale deed in someone’s name does not mean they own it. If the seller did not have the right to sell it, the transaction is legally invalid.

2. Registration ≠ Ownership: Registration provides public notice of a transaction but does not validate the transfer unless the seller had a clear and marketable title.

3. No Interim Relief for Illegal Possession: The Court also set aside the Telangana High Court’s earlier interim relief that prevented eviction of the buyers. It emphasized that possession must be proved through evidence, not assumed through temporary court orders.

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Case Background in Detail

How Did Bhavana Society Claim the Land?

Bhavana Society claimed it had a right over the land based on an unregistered agreement of sale dated 1982. They argued that the sale was later “revalidated” through a fresh understanding, even though no formal conveyance deed was executed.

Why Did the Supreme Court Reject This Claim?

The apex court rejected Bhavana Society’s claim due to the following reasons:

1. The original agreement was unregistered, and under Indian law, an agreement to sell cannot by itself transfer title.

2. The specific performance suit filed by the society to enforce the agreement was dismissed in 2001 and never revived.

3. The so-called “revalidated agreement” was not sufficient to prove any lawful title.

In short, the seller had no authority to sell the land in the first place.

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What Is the Legal Issue Here?

Can You Own Land Just Because It’s Registered in Your Name?

The judgment answers this question with a clear “No.”

Under Indian law, for any transfer of immovable property to be valid:

1. The seller must have a valid title to the property.

2. The deed must be registered, as per Section 17 of the Registration Act, 1908.

3. The transfer must be lawful, and not in violation of any existing laws (e.g., land reform laws).

In this case, while the buyers had registered sale deeds, the seller did not have clear and legal ownership — hence, the buyers did not acquire valid title.

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Supreme Court on Possession and Ownership

Another major highlight of this ruling is the distinction between legal possession and actual ownership.

Interim Orders Do Not Prove Possession

The Supreme Court criticized the Telangana High Court for relying solely on interim orders to assume that the buyers had lawful possession. The Court clarified:

1. Interim protection cannot confer or imply possession.

2. Buyers must prove actual, physical possession through independent evidence.

This distinction is especially relevant in cases where disputes arise between multiple parties, some of whom may have temporary court orders but no actual title.

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Constitutional Angle: Article 226 and Writ Jurisdiction

The Court also addressed the issue of jurisdiction under Article 226 of the Constitution. The High Court had exercised writ jurisdiction to protect the buyers from eviction.

The Supreme Court cautioned:

1. Writ courts should not resolve complex title disputes.

2. Disputes over ownership or possession must be settled through civil suits, not writ petitions.

3. Article 226 is meant for violation of fundamental rights or legal duties, not for determining who owns a piece of land.

This reinforces the idea that due process through civil courts is necessary to establish ownership in complicated land matters.

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Broader Legal Principles Reinforced by This Judgment

1. Caveat Emptor – Buyer Beware

The ruling reminds all prospective buyers to conduct due diligence before purchasing property. This includes:

1. Verifying the title of the seller through certified documents

2. Checking encumbrance certificates

3. Ensuring compliance with local land laws, especially in rural areas or areas under land ceiling acts

2. Importance of Title Search

Before investing in property, a thorough title search must be conducted. This means verifying the chain of ownership going back 30+ years and ensuring there are no legal hindrances.

3. Registered Sale Deed is a Step, Not the Goal

Registration is only one step in the legal process of acquiring land. It does not cure defects in title.

Impact on Property Buyers, Developers, and Lawyers

For Property Buyers

1. Be extra cautious, especially when buying land in urbanizing areas or areas affected by land reforms

2. Hire legal professionals for title verification

3. Avoid shortcuts like relying solely on registered documents

For Real Estate Developers

1. Must ensure clean land titles before launching projects

2. Should avoid entering into Joint Development Agreements (JDAs) or purchase deeds without verifying land history

For Legal Practitioners

1. Educate clients about the difference between registration and ownership

2. Recommend civil suits in title disputes rather than writ petitions

3. Assist in proper documentation, verification, and due diligence

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Rule of Law and Land Reforms in India

The judgment also indirectly strengthens land reform laws like the Andhra Pradesh Land Reforms Act. Many such laws were passed across India to prevent land monopolies and ensure equitable distribution.

In this case, since the land had already vested in the State in 1975, any private transaction thereafter was void.

The Court also observed inconsistencies in the stand taken by the original landowners and their power-of-attorney holders in land ceiling proceedings, indicating an attempt to manipulate the system for personal gain.

Court’s Final Verdict

1. The Telangana High Court’s division bench ruling was set aside.

2. The Single Judge’s order, which had denied interim relief and found no evidence of legal possession or title, was upheld.

3. The State was allowed to proceed with recovering the land under the Andhra Pradesh Land Reforms Act.

Key Takeaways

Conclusion

The Supreme Court's judgment in Mahnoor Fatima Imran vs. Viswesara Infrastructure is a landmark decision that serves as a wake-up call for anyone dealing with property transactions in India. It reinforces a critical legal truth: ownership flows from title, not just from paperwork.

Whether you’re a first-time buyer or an experienced investor, understanding this difference can save you from years of legal trouble. Registration is important—but it must be backed by a lawful and valid title.

Before buying any property, always ask this question: Does the seller have the right to sell this land? If the answer is unclear, don’t proceed — or seek proper legal consultation.

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What Are Deepfakes and Why Are They Dangerous?

Before diving into the legal details of the case, let’s understand what deepfakes are.

What Are Deepfakes?

Deepfakes use AI and machine learning algorithms—particularly a method called GANs (Generative Adversarial Networks)—to create highly realistic fake audio, video, or images. These creations can convincingly mimic public figures, celebrities, or even ordinary individuals.

Dangers of Deepfakes

• Misinformation: They can spread fake news quickly and convincingly.

• Reputation Damage: Public figures can be shown saying or doing things they never did.

• Political Manipulation: Deepfakes can sway elections or incite violence.

• Legal Complications: Determining the truth becomes harder in courts of law.

In this context, the Delhi High Court’s ruling becomes extremely important to safeguard public trust and individual reputations.

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Case Background: How Aaj Tak Anchor Anjana Om Kashyap Was Targeted

The case was filed by TV Today Network, the parent company of Aaj Tak, against a rogue YouTube channel that used deepfake technology to impersonate Anjana Om Kashyap. The videos falsely portrayed her as spreading misinformation and making controversial remarks, all without her consent.

The Allegations

1. Impersonation of Kashyap using AI-based deepfakes.

2. Misuse of TV Today’s intellectual property and logos.

3. Creation of misleading content that could harm Aaj Tak's reputation.

4. Monetisation of the videos through YouTube ad revenue.

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Delhi High Court’s Intervention: A Strong Message Against Deepfake Abuse

Justice Prathiba M. Singh presided over the matter and issued a strong interim order in favour of TV Today Network.

Key Observations by the Court:

1. The fake YouTube channel had manipulated the anchor’s name (removing the “P” from "Kashyap") to deceive viewers.

2. The Court noted that this was a clear misuse of identity, reputation, and brand value.

3. Justice Singh emphasised the illegality of using deepfakes to impersonate a media personality, especially for profit or misinformation.

Court’s Orders:

1. Immediate Takedown of the YouTube channel within 48 hours.

2. Google directed to disclose Basic Subscriber Information (BSI) of the account holder within two weeks.

3. If similar fake content is found in the future, TV Today can share URLs for takedown without new petitions.

4. Disclosure of revenue earned from the channel to assess damages and monetization abuse.

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Legal Framework Involved

Let’s break down the legal principles and sections relevant in this case.

1. Right to Personality & Reputation

The Indian Constitution protects the Right to Life under Article 21, which includes the Right to Reputation. Misusing someone’s face, voice, or name via deepfake violates this right.

2. Copyright Infringement

TV Today’s logos, trademarks, and broadcast material fall under intellectual property. Using them without authorization breaches copyright laws.

3. Information Technology Act, 2000

Under the IT Act, creating or distributing deepfakes that cause harm can be prosecuted under:

• Section 66D – Impersonation using computer resources.

• Section 67 – Publishing or transmitting obscene material.

• Section 69A – Power of the government and courts to block public access to unlawful information.

4. Defamation Laws

Deepfakes that harm an individual’s reputation could lead to civil and criminal defamation charges under Section 499 and 500 of IPC.

Key Takeaways From the Case

1. Courts Recognize the Deepfake Threat

This ruling affirms that AI misuse is a judicial concern, and courts are willing to take swift action to prevent it.

2. Speedy Relief Is Possible

TV Today received interim relief within days. This showcases how prompt legal intervention can protect public figures and media houses.

3. Platform Accountability

Google, as the owner of YouTube, was made responsible for:

1. Taking down the content

2. Disclosing user information

3. Sharing monetization data

This sets a strong precedent for platform responsibility in the age of AI.

4. Future-Proofing Against Repetition

The Court allowed TV Today to send URLs of similar violations directly to Google, without needing a new court order each time.

Ethical Implications of Deepfake Use

1. Freedom of Speech vs. Right to Reputation

While freedom of expression is a fundamental right, it cannot override someone’s dignity or cause public harm.

2. Impact on Journalism and Media

When anchors like Anjana Om Kashyap are impersonated, it not only harms their personal image but also undermines the credibility of the media.

3. Threat to Democratic Discourse

Deepfakes can be used to polarize public opinion, create riots, or defame political candidates. This is a threat to democracy itself.

What Should Content Creators and Viewers Learn?

For Content Creators:

• Don’t Use Deepfake Without Consent: Even satirical content can lead to legal action if it impersonates a public figure without permission.

• Avoid Using Copyrighted Logos or Names: This could lead to IP infringement cases.

• Declare AI Usage Transparently: Clearly mention if any content uses AI-generated elements.

For Viewers:

• Don’t Believe Everything You See Online: With AI, not all videos are real. Always check the source.

• Report Deepfake Content: Platforms like YouTube have built-in reporting tools. Use them.

The Role of Platforms Like YouTube

This case puts significant onus on platforms like YouTube, Meta (Facebook), and X (Twitter) to act against AI-generated impersonation.

What Can Platforms Do?

• Implement AI-Detection Tools: Use watermarking or machine learning to detect deepfakes.

• Speed Up Takedown Process: Honor court orders within stipulated timeframes.

• Collaborate with Legal Authorities: Share data when required under legal requests.

Future of AI Laws in India

1. Need for Dedicated Deepfake Legislation

India currently lacks a specific deepfake law. While IT rules and IPC sections help, a targeted legislation is needed.

2. Draft Digital India Act

The government is considering the Digital India Act, expected to replace the IT Act, 2000. The Act may include:

1. Provisions on deepfake abuse

2. AI regulation frameworks

3. Platform liability

3. Global Trends in Deepfake Laws

1. EU’s AI Act mandates watermarking for AI-generated content.

2. China requires disclosure on any deepfake use.

India could follow a similar approach, ensuring transparency and accountability in AI usage.

Conclusion: A Landmark Case for AI Accountability

The Delhi High Court’s intervention in the Anjana Om Kashyap deepfake case is more than just a legal win for a media house—it is a clear message that AI misuse will not be tolerated. As technology evolves, so must our legal frameworks, societal awareness, and ethical boundaries.

Deepfakes are not just a technological novelty—they are a potential threat to democracy, reputation, and justice. Courts, platforms, creators, and viewers all share a responsibility to ensure AI is used for progress, not deceit.

In a landmark judgment, the Madras High Court has clarified an important aspect of property law related to the cancellation of gift deeds under the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 (MWPSC Act). Justice N. Anand Venkatesh has held that a gift deed can only be cancelled by the original donor if there was an explicit condition in the deed requiring the donee (usually the children) to take care of the donor (parents).

This ruling not only upholds the principles of ownership and legal autonomy but also clarifies that one parent (mother or father) cannot cancel a gift deed executed solely by the other. This decision provides much-needed clarity in disputes involving aged parents and children, particularly those concerning maintenance and emotional neglect.

Understanding the Background: The Case of Karuppan v. RDO Kallakurichi

The case arose when a man named Karuppan filed a writ petition challenging the decision of the Revenue Divisional Officer (RDO) of Kallakurichi. The RDO had cancelled a gift deed that was originally executed in Karuppan’s favor by his father in 1997. The cancellation request had come from Karuppan’s mother, who alleged that he had failed to take care of her after his father's death.

The gift deed, however, did not mention any condition requiring Karuppan to maintain either parent. Justice Venkatesh ruled that the RDO had acted beyond its authority and quashed the cancellation.

People Also Read: Gift Deed: All you should know.

Key Issues Addressed by the Madras High Court

1. Who Has the Right to Cancel a Gift Deed under MWPSC Act?

The Court interpreted Section 23(1) of the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007. The section states:

“Where any senior citizen has transferred by way of gift or otherwise, his property, subject to the condition that the transferee shall provide the basic amenities and physical needs to the transferor and such transferee refuses or fails to do so, the transfer shall be deemed to have been made by fraud or coercion.”

Justice Venkatesh emphasized that only the transferor (i.e., the person who made the gift) has the right to seek cancellation, provided:

1. There is a specific condition in the gift deed obligating the transferee to maintain the transferor.

2. The transferee fails to fulfill this obligation.

Hence, a third party, including a spouse of the transferor, cannot seek cancellation unless they are joint donors.

2. No Implied Obligation to Maintain

The Court rejected the interpretation made by a previous Division Bench of the Madras High Court, which had ruled that even if the gift deed did not explicitly contain a clause regarding maintenance, such a condition could be implied.

Justice Venkatesh refuted this view, stating:

“It is well settled that courts cannot rewrite a statutory provision when the words used by the legislature are plain and unambiguous.”

Therefore, unless a maintenance condition is clearly mentioned in the gift deed, the MWPSC Act cannot be invoked to cancel it.

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What is a Gift Deed?

A gift deed is a legal document that allows a person (donor) to voluntarily transfer ownership of movable or immovable property to another person (donee) without monetary consideration. Under the Transfer of Property Act, 1882, a gift deed must be:

1. Signed by the donor

2. Accepted by the donee

3. Registered under the Registration Act, 1908

Once executed and registered, the gift deed becomes legally binding and generally irrevocable unless a clause provides otherwise.

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Applicability of Maintenance Laws to Gift Deeds

The MWPSC Act, 2007 was introduced to safeguard the interests of senior citizens. Section 23 of the Act allows a senior citizen to revoke a gift deed if the transferee fails to fulfill the maintenance obligations. However, this power is not absolute.

Court’s Clarification:

1. Only the donor (senior citizen) can seek cancellation.

2. The gift deed must explicitly mention the maintenance clause.

3. Revenue authorities, like the RDO, cannot entertain cancellation requests from anyone other than the donor.

People Also Read: Madras High Court: Parents Can Revoke Gift Deeds to Children Who Neglect Them​

Other High Courts' Views

The Madras High Court is not alone in this interpretation. Courts across other Indian states have taken a consistent view in favor of requiring explicit conditions in gift deeds for invoking Section 23:

1. Andhra Pradesh and Telangana High Courts

Held that a gift deed without a specific maintenance clause cannot be cancelled under the MWPSC Act.

2. Karnataka High Court

Ruled that only the donor, and not the legal heirs or surviving spouse, has the locus standi to approach the authorities under Section 23.

3. Calcutta High Court

Reaffirmed that implied obligations cannot override the explicit language of a registered gift deed.

People Also Read: High Court Empowers Elderly: Parents Can Revoke Gift Deeds If Neglected by Children

Supreme Court’s Stand: What Does It Say?

In Urmila Devi v. Govt. of NCT of Delhi, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of protecting the autonomy of property owners. However, it did not endorse the view that an implied clause of maintenance could suffice under Section 23.

Justice Venkatesh pointed out that:

“This court has carefully gone through the Supreme Court’s decision… and is unable to find a single sentence or word which supports the theory of ‘implied condition’ propounded by the Division Bench…”

Thus, the Supreme Court supports explicit conditions as a prerequisite for invoking cancellation under the Act.

Legal Position After the Judgment

Following this judgment, the legal position in Tamil Nadu—and possibly across India due to the strong persuasive value of the reasoning—is as follows:

1. Only the original donor can file for cancellation under Section 23 of the MWPSC Act.

2. A clear condition in the gift deed is mandatory to invoke this clause.

3. The mother cannot cancel a gift deed executed by the father unless she is a co-donor.

4. Authorities like the RDO cannot act on complaints from non-donors.

5. No implied obligation of maintenance can be read into a gift deed.

People Also Read: Wills vs. Gift Deeds: Navigating Your Estate Planning Options

Real-Life Implications of This Judgment

This ruling provides much-needed clarity for families and legal practitioners. Here’s how:

For Senior Citizens

1. Senior citizens must include a clear clause in gift or settlement deeds regarding the duty of children to maintain them.

2. They cannot rely on verbal promises or assumptions.

For Children

1. Children receiving property through gift deeds must honor written conditions, if any.

2. If no conditions are mentioned, their legal obligation may arise separately under the general provisions of the MWPSC Act, but not for cancellation of the deed.

For Legal Practitioners

1. Ensure that clients include or exclude maintenance clauses as per their intention.

2. Advice should be provided on the irrevocable nature of unconditional gift deeds.

For Revenue Authorities

1. Authorities like RDOs must not act on cancellation requests that do not originate from the donor.

2. All cancellation actions must be legally reviewed before being implemented.

People Also Read: Know Various Aspects About The Gift Deed and Stamp Duty

Conclusion

The Madras High Court’s ruling, delivered by Justice N. Anand Venkatesh, affirms the legal principle that property ownership and gift deeds are governed by clear statutory boundaries. By disallowing a mother from cancelling a gift deed made by her deceased husband, the Court has upheld the legal sanctity of a valid and unconditional gift.

This judgment is a cautionary tale for both senior citizens and their children: document intentions clearly, seek legal advice, and understand that emotions do not override explicit legal provisions.

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What is a RERA Certificate?

A RERA certificate is an official document issued by the State Real Estate Regulatory Authority (RERA) to real estate developers or agents. It confirms that a project or real estate professional has registered under the RERA Act, 2016, and complies with all the required norms and legal procedures.

In simple terms, it means the project is genuine, legally approved, and safe for investment.

People Also Read: RERA Registration Process

Who Needs a RERA Certificate?

1. Real Estate Developers/Promoters

Any developer launching a residential or commercial project over:

1. 500 sq. meters, or

2. 8 or more apartments

   must register with the respective state’s RERA and obtain a certificate before selling or advertising.

2. Real Estate Agents

Any agent wishing to facilitate sales for RERA-registered projects must also register themselves and obtain a separate RERA certificate.

3. Homebuyers

While buyers don't need to obtain the certificate themselves, they must verify the RERA status of any project before investing.

People Also Read: RERA Act Explained: Delayed Possession of Flats

Why is a RERA Certificate Important?

1. Transparency

RERA mandates developers to upload complete project details on the state RERA portal, including layout plans, carpet area, timelines, legal approvals, and financials.

2. Legal Compliance

A RERA certificate ensures that the project complies with:

1. Municipal building codes

2. Zoning laws

3. Environmental clearances

4. Fire safety approvals

3. Protection of Buyers’ Interests

The Act enforces strict adherence to promised timelines, construction quality, and project deliverables. It prohibits misuse of buyer funds.

4. Effective Dispute Resolution

Buyers can file complaints with the RERA authority or RERA Appellate Tribunal for quick redressal.

5. Credibility for Developers and Agents

A RERA-certified developer is perceived as more trustworthy, thus attracting more genuine buyers and investors.

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Key Features of a RERA Certificate

How to Get a RERA Certificate (Step-by-Step Guide for Developers & Agents)

Step 1: Visit the State RERA Portal

Each state has its own RERA portal. For example:

1. Maharashtra: maharera.mahaonline.gov.in

2. Delhi: rera.delhi.gov.in

3. Karnataka: rera.karnataka.gov.in

Step 2: Register as Promoter or Agent

Choose your role—Promoter (Developer) or Real Estate Agent. Fill in:

1. Name, contact, email

2. PAN/Aadhaar

3. Company details (if applicable)

Step 3: Fill Out the Application Form

You’ll need to provide detailed information like:

1. Project name and location

2. Land ownership documents

3. Layout and design plan

4. Completion timeline

5. Regulatory approvals

6. Past project history (if applicable)

Step 4: Upload Required Documents

For Developers:

1. Title deed

2. Approved layout/building plan

3. Land use permission (CLU)

4. NOCs (fire, environment, airport, etc.)

5. PAN & Aadhaar

6. Developer’s photographs

For Agents:

1. Business registration documents

2. Income tax returns

3. Photographs and identity proofs

4. Office address proof

Step 5: Pay the Registration Fee

Fees vary based on:

1. Land area

2. Type of project (residential/commercial)

3. Location (urban/rural)

Payments are made online, and a receipt is generated.

Step 6: Submit the Application

Once everything is complete, submit your application. You’ll receive an acknowledgment number for future tracking.

Step 7: Scrutiny and Clarification

The RERA Authority examines:

1. Document accuracy

2. Legal approvals

3. Financial stability of promoter

They may ask for clarifications or additional submissions.

Step 8: Certificate Issuance

Once approved, your RERA Certificate will be issued and can be downloaded from the portal.

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How to Check if a Project Has a Valid RERA Certificate

Step-by-Step Verification:

1. Visit the official RERA portal for the respective state.

2. Navigate to “Search Registered Projects/Agents.”

3. Enter:

   1. Project name

   2. Developer/Promoter name

   3. Registration number

4. Click “Submit”

5. Review details:

   1. Validity of RERA certificate

   2. Construction status

   3. Complaints filed (if any)

   4. Project milestones

Always verify before signing any agreement or making payments.

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Consequences of Non-Compliance with RERA Registration

For Developers:

1. Fine up to 10% of estimated project cost

2. Imprisonment up to 3 years

3. Revocation of registration

For Agents:

1. Fine of ₹10,000/day for every day of non-compliance

2. Permanent blacklisting or suspension

For Buyers:

• If the project is not RERA-registered:

  1. You cannot file complaints under the RERA Tribunal.

  2. You risk losing your investment.

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Benefits of RERA Certificate for Homebuyers

Benefits of RERA Certificate for Developers and Agents

Common Mistakes to Avoid While Applying for RERA Certificate

1. Submitting incomplete documents

2. Ignoring state-specific RERA rules

3. Mentioning incorrect land ownership details

4. Missing important NOCs

5. Not disclosing past project failures

Tip: Always consult a real estate legal expert or use professional services to complete your application properly.

RERA Certificate Validity and Renewal

1. A RERA certificate is valid till the completion date mentioned in the application.

2. For delays, developers must apply for an extension.

3. Failure to renew may lead to automatic project cancellation.

State-Wise Differences in RERA Rules

While the core law is central, implementation is state-specific. Some key differences include:

Key Legal Provisions Related to RERA Certificate

Conclusion

A RERA certificate is your first shield against real estate fraud. It transforms uncertainty into confidence—whether you're building, selling, or buying property.

For developers and agents, it’s more than just a legal formality—it’s a statement of professionalism and transparency.

For buyers, it’s your only guarantee that the project is genuine, monitored, and protected by law.

• Before you invest, verify.
• Before you sign, check RERA.
• Before you trust, demand the certificate.

People Also Read: New Rules For Divorce In India 2024: A Comprehensive Guide

Why This Judgment Matters

Before this ruling, many alimony payments did not keep up with rising living costs. Women who were financially dependent on their husbands often received low maintenance amounts that were not enough to support the lifestyle they had during marriage. This judgment changes that by:

1. Increasing the monthly alimony to a more reasonable figure

2. Including automatic increases every two years

3. Giving long-term residential security through property transfer

It sends a strong message that divorced spouses, especially women who stay unmarried, deserve financial stability and dignity after separation.

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The Story Behind the Case

Timeline:

1. Married in: 1997

2. Separated in: 2007

3. Divorce finalized in: 2019

Rakhi Sadhukhan had been fighting a legal battle for over 17 years. Initially, she was awarded ₹8,000/month as interim maintenance in 2010. This was increased to ₹20,000/month by the Calcutta High Court in 2016. But Rakhi argued that this amount was still too low, especially considering inflation and her standard of living during the marriage.

Her ex-husband, Raja Sadhukhan, claimed that he had limited income, responsibilities from a second marriage, and elderly parents to support. He also argued that their son, now an adult, was no longer dependent.

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What the Supreme Court Decided

The Supreme Court reviewed all the facts and gave a clear, strong judgment:

1. Monthly Alimony Raised to ₹50,000: This is more than double the previous amount.

2. 5% Increase Every 2 Years: To adjust for inflation and rising costs of living.

3. Home Ownership Given to Wife: The court ordered that the shared flat must be transferred to Rakhi’s name. The husband must also clear any outstanding home loan.

This combination of regular payments and property ownership ensures that Rakhi will have both income and a place to live, offering her long-term security.

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Court’s Stand on Standard of Living

The court said that alimony is not just about survival. It should reflect the lifestyle the wife had during the marriage. This means courts must consider:

1. Quality of home

2. Healthcare access

3. Social and travel habits

4. Educational and personal development opportunities

This marks a shift in mindset: from viewing alimony as a handout to treating it as a way to maintain continuity in lifestyle.

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Income Will Be Examined Closely

The court also made it clear that the paying spouse’s entire financial history will now matter. This includes:

1. Current salary

2. Past earnings

3. Undeclared income

4. Investments and assets

The husband’s excuse of a second marriage and aged parents was rejected. The court said that remarriage cannot be used to reduce support to the first wife.

This ensures fairness and stops people from hiding income to avoid paying fair alimony.

Inflation-Linked Alimony: Why It Matters

A major highlight of the judgment is the 5% hike in maintenance every two years. This is important because:

1. Traditional alimony amounts remained fixed

2. Cost of living keeps rising

3. Going back to court for revisions is time-consuming

Now, the increase is automatic. This provides security and avoids future legal battles.

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Property Instead of Monthly Payments

Another big takeaway is that the court allowed property to be used as part of the alimony. The marital home will now belong to the wife. This helps:

1. Avoid monthly payment issues

2. Ensure long-term shelter

3. Reduce stress and court follow-ups

This idea could become more common in future divorce settlements, especially in big cities where rents are high.

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Encouraging Quick Settlements

This case shows that long court battles can backfire. Initially, Rakhi got ₹8,000/month. Over the years, this was increased to ₹75,000/month when the husband failed to appear in court in 2023.

This shows that delays can lead to higher financial burdens. It also encourages both parties to settle early and fairly.

Maintenance vs. Inheritance

The court also made an important point: maintenance and inheritance are not the same. Divorce does not affect a child’s right to ancestral property.

This clarity helps avoid confusion and protects children’s future rights.

People Also Read: Understanding the Legal Rights of Women in Divorce Cases in India

Impact on Future Divorce Cases

This ruling will change how alimony is awarded in India:

1. Standard of living will be the key factor

2. Past and present income will be examined in detail

3. Inflation-linked increases may become standard

4. Property can be awarded instead of or in addition to monthly cash

Women who were underpaid in previous cases may now have a stronger case to request fairer terms.

People Also Read: Permanent and Interim Maintenance in Void Marriages: Legal Rights & Provisions

Final Thoughts

The Supreme Court’s decision in this case is a big step toward fairness in divorce settlements. It recognizes the years that many women dedicate to their families without earning income, and ensures that they are not left without support after a marriage ends.

This case is not just about one woman. It’s about setting a new standard—one where financial dignity after divorce is not optional, but necessary.